汽車起(qi)動系的定(ding)義及工作原理

　　要使發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)由靜止狀(zhuang)態(tai)過渡到工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，必須先用外力(li)轉動(dong)(dong)發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)曲軸，使活塞作(zuo)往復運(yun)動(dong)(dong)，氣(qi)缸(gang)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)可燃混合氣(qi)燃燒膨脹(zhang)作(zuo)功(gong)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)活塞向下運(yun)動(dong)(dong)使曲軸旋轉。發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)才能自(zi)行運(yun)轉，工作(zuo)循環才能自(zi)動(dong)(dong)進行。因此，曲軸在外力(li)作(zuo)用下開(kai)始(shi)轉動(dong)(dong)到發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)開(kai)始(shi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)地怠速運(yun)轉的(de)(de)(de)全過程，稱為發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)。完成起(qi)動(dong)(dong)過程所需的(de)(de)(de)裝置，稱為發動(dong)(dong)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)系。

　　發動機起動原理 汽車空調壓縮機配件

    要使(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)由靜(jing)止狀態(tai)過渡到(dao)工(gong)作(zuo)狀態(tai)，必須用(yong)外(wai)力轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的曲軸，使(shi)氣(qi)缸(gang)內吸入(或形成(cheng))可(ke)燃混合(he)氣(qi)并燃燒膨脹，工(gong)作(zuo)循環才能自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)進行。曲軸在外(wai)力作(zuo)用(yong)下開始轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)到(dao)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)開始自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)地怠速運轉的全(quan)過程，稱(cheng)為(wei)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的方法(fa)很多(duo)，汽車發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)常用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)是用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力，當將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)軸上的齒輪與發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)飛(fei)輪周緣的齒圈嚙合(he)時，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力就(jiu)傳(chuan)到(dao)飛(fei)輪和(he)曲軸，使(shi)之旋轉。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)本身又用(yong)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池作(zuo)為(wei)能源。目前絕大多(duo)數汽車發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)都采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

　　汽車起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)機(ji)的控制裝(zhuang)置包(bao)括(kuo)電(dian)磁(ci)開關、起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)繼電(dian)器和點火(huo)起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)開關等部件，其中電(dian)磁(ci)開關于起(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)機(ji)制作在一起(qi)(qi)(qi)。

　　電磁開(kai)關(guan)結構特點： 

    電(dian)磁開關(guan)主要由電(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie)機構和電(dian)動機開關(guan)兩部分(fen)組(zu)成。電(dian)磁鐵(tie)(tie)機構由固定(ding)鐵(tie)(tie)心、活(huo)動鐵(tie)(tie)心、吸引線(xian)圈(quan)和保(bao)持線(xian)圈(quan)等組(zu)成。固定(ding)鐵(tie)(tie)心固定(ding)不動，活(huo)動鐵(tie)(tie)心可以在銅(tong)套里做軸向移(yi)動。活(huo)動鐵(tie)(tie)心前端(duan)(duan)固定(ding)有推(tui)桿(gan)(gan)，推(tui)桿(gan)(gan)前端(duan)(duan)安裝有開關(guan)觸盤，活(huo)動鐵(tie)(tie)心后段用調(diao)節螺釘和連(lian)接(jie)銷(xiao)與撥叉連(lian)接(jie)。銅(tong)套外面安裝有復位彈簧，作用是使活(huo)動鐵(tie)(tie)心等可移(yi)動部件復位。電(dian)磁開關(guan)接(jie)線(xian)的(de)端(duan)(duan)子(zi)的(de)排列示 

    電磁開關工作原理： 行星盤、斜盤

    當吸引線圈(quan)(quan)和保(bao)持線圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)產生的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)通(tong)方向(xiang)相(xiang)同時，其電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)吸力相(xiang)互疊加，可(ke)以吸引活動鐵心向(xiang)前移(yi)動，直到推桿前端的(de)(de)(de)觸盤(pan)將電(dian)(dian)動開(kai)(kai)關(guan)觸點接通(tong)勢電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)主電(dian)(dian)路接通(tong)為止。 當吸引線圈(quan)(quan)和保(bao)持線圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)產生的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)痛(tong)方向(xiang)相(xiang)反(fan)時，其電(dian)(dian)磁(ci)吸力相(xiang)互抵消，在復位彈簧的(de)(de)(de)作用下，活動鐵心等可(ke)移(yi)動部件(jian)自動復位，觸盤(pan)與觸點斷開(kai)(kai)，電(dian)(dian)動機(ji)主電(dian)(dian)路斷開(kai)(kai)。

　  汽(qi)車起動系常見故障(zhang)

　　汽車起(qi)動(dong)系主(zhu)要由起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)和起(qi)動(dong)控制電路所組成，其故(gu)障(zhang)有機(ji)械方面(mian)的(de)，也有電器方面(mian)的(de)。常見的(de)故(gu)障(zhang)現象(xiang)有起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)不(bu)轉(zhuan)，起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)運轉(zhuan)無力，起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)空(kong)轉(zhuan)而發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)不(bu)能啟動(dong)，發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)啟動(dong)后起(qi)動(dong)機(ji)運轉(zhuan)不(bu)停，驅動(dong)齒(chi)輪與飛輪齒(chi)圈不(bu)能嚙合且有異響等。

　  起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)轉(zhuan)一般有(you)以下幾種原因： 1．蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池嚴(yan)重虧電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足導致(zhi)不(bu)轉(zhuan)。 2．導線(xian)連(lian)接(jie)處(chu)接(jie)觸不(bu)良，車輛顛(dian)簸造成接(jie)頭松動(dong)(dong)(dong)或接(jie)頭處(chu)氧化污損。 3．起動(dong)(dong)(dong)開關損壞(huai)。 4．繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器故障(zhang)(zhang)。起動(dong)(dong)(dong)線(xian)路(lu)(lu)中(zhong)有(you)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器或組合繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)，繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器故障(zhang)(zhang)會導致(zhi)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)不(bu)轉(zhuan)。繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器觸點氧化污損，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)無法接(jie)通(tong)；觸點間隙過大或繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器線(xian)圈短路(lu)(lu)、斷路(lu)(lu)，都使繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器觸點不(bu)能(neng)閉合，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)不(bu)通(tong)。 5．起動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)故障(zhang)(zhang)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)開關故障(zhang)(zhang)、換向器氧化、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)刷接(jie)觸不(bu)良、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞繞組和磁(ci)場(chang)繞組斷路(lu)(lu)、短路(lu)(lu)等。

　　電磁開關的故障主要是由于受強電流的作用，使觸點氧化，造成接觸不良。汽車配件鑄造廠家

　　電動機(ji)的故(gu)障使其內部無法(fa)形成完整的回路，因此起動機(ji)不(bu)轉。

　　淺議(yi)汽(qi)車起動/發電一體化(hua)技術的現狀與發展趨勢

　　車用起動機(ji)和發電(dian)機(ji)是兩個獨立的(de)電(dian)器設備,用于(yu)起動和發電(dian),起動/發電(dian)一體(ti)化是將起動與發電(dian)功能集于(yu)一體(ti),具有在蓄電(dian)池低電(dian)流下起動轉(zhuan)矩大(da),在發動機(ji)轉(zhuan)速范圍內,發電(dian)機(ji)功率(lv)大(da),效率(lv)高,體(ti)積小,適于(yu)安裝(zhuang)等優點。